Chapter House
A Gem of English Gothic Architecture
The Chapter House at Westminster Abbey is considered one of the finest examples of English Gothic architecture. Built between 1245 and 1253 during the reign of Henry III as part of his ambitious rebuilding of the Abbey, this octagonal chamber was designed as the meeting place for the Benedictine monks who served the Abbey.
Architectural Marvel
The Chapter House is an architectural tour de force. Its octagonal design, 60 feet in diameter, features a central pillar from which the vaulted ceiling radiates like the ribs of an umbrella. The walls are almost entirely filled with vast windows containing some of the oldest stained glass in England, flooding the interior with light. This bold use of glass was revolutionary for its time.
The Medieval Floor Tiles
One of the Chapter House's greatest treasures is its original medieval floor, comprising thousands of decorated tiles laid in the 13th century. These tiles, featuring designs of lions, griffins, roses, and geometric patterns, represent one of the finest surviving examples of medieval tilework in England. Walking on the same floor where monks and later Members of Parliament once tread connects visitors directly to eight centuries of history.
The Wall Paintings
Fragments of medieval wall paintings survive around the chamber, depicting scenes from the Apocalypse of St John. These 14th-century paintings, though faded, provide a glimpse of the rich decoration that once adorned the walls. A Last Judgement scene above the entrance door is particularly notable.
Birthplace of Parliament
Perhaps most significantly, the Chapter House served as the meeting place for the House of Commons from 1257 to 1547—nearly 300 years. Here, the foundations of English parliamentary democracy were laid, as representatives debated matters of taxation, law, and governance. The acoustics of the circular space allowed all members to hear proceedings clearly, making it ideal for deliberation.
Royal Treasury
After Parliament moved to St Stephen's Chapel in the Palace of Westminster, the Chapter House became a repository for state records. The Domesday Book, England's great 11th-century survey, was kept here for centuries, along with other vital documents of state. This use continued until the 19th century when records were moved to the newly built Public Record Office.
Restoration and Preservation
Sir George Gilbert Scott led a major restoration of the Chapter House in the 1860s, carefully preserving its medieval character while making necessary repairs. Today, English Heritage manages the building, ensuring that this remarkable space continues to inspire visitors with its beauty and historical significance.
Visiting Today
The Chapter House is accessible through the Abbey cloisters. Visitors can admire the soaring architecture, study the medieval floor tiles, and contemplate the space where so much British history was made. Audio guides provide detailed information about the building's rich past.
Opening Hours
Daily: 10:00 - 16:00
Access via Westminster Abbey. Included with Abbey admission ticket. Last entry 30 minutes before closing. Hours may vary during special events.