Jewel Tower
A Survivor of Medieval Westminster
The Jewel Tower stands as one of only two surviving buildings from the medieval Palace of Westminster, the other being Westminster Hall. Built in 1365-1366 during the reign of Edward III, this three-storey stone tower was originally constructed to house the king's personal treasures and valuables, earning it the name "the King's Privy Wardrobe."
Historical Significance
For over 300 years, the Jewel Tower served as the secure storage for the monarch's gold, silver, jewels, and other precious items. The tower's thick walls and moat provided protection for these royal treasures. When the royal residence moved to Whitehall in the 16th century, the tower's purpose changed dramatically.
From 1621 to 1864, the Jewel Tower housed the records of the House of Lords, becoming an important archive for parliamentary documents. This period saw the tower serve a crucial role in preserving the documentary history of British governance.
Architecture
The tower is constructed of Kentish ragstone and originally stood within a moated enclosure. Its L-shaped plan includes three floors connected by a spiral staircase. The medieval construction techniques are still visible in the thick walls and vaulted ceilings. Despite centuries of alterations and the Great Fire of Westminster in 1834 that destroyed much of the palace, the Jewel Tower survived largely intact.
Modern Era
From 1869 to 1938, the tower served yet another purpose as the Weights and Measures Office, where the official standards for British measurements were kept and tested. Today, the Jewel Tower is managed by English Heritage and is open to visitors who wish to explore this remarkable survivor of medieval London.
What to See
Visitors can explore all three floors of the tower, viewing exhibitions about the history of Parliament and the Palace of Westminster. The ground floor features displays about the tower's construction and original purpose, while upper floors showcase the evolution of British parliamentary democracy. The remnants of the medieval moat can still be seen surrounding the building.
Location
The Jewel Tower is located on Abingdon Street, directly opposite the Victoria Tower of the Houses of Parliament. Its position offers visitors an excellent vantage point to appreciate both the medieval survivor and the Victorian Gothic revival architecture that replaced much of the ancient palace.
Opening Hours
April - October: Daily 10:00 - 17:00
November - March: Daily 10:00 - 16:00
Last entry 30 minutes before closing. Closed 24-26 December and 1 January.